When to See a Doctor About an Infection

Many infections get better on their own

The majority of everyday infections, such as colds, sore throats and mild stomach upsets, are caused by viruses and clear up on their own with rest and self-care. Antibiotics do not help with these, as they only work against bacteria. Knowing this helps you avoid unnecessary worry and unnecessary medication, while still recognising when professional help is genuinely needed.

When self-care is usually enough

You can often manage mild infections at home if you are otherwise healthy and:

• Symptoms are mild and improving over a few days
• You are able to eat, drink and stay hydrated
• You do not have a high or persistent fever
• There are no warning signs (see below)

Rest, fluids, and simple remedies such as paracetamol or ibuprofen, used according to the leaflet, are often all that is needed. A pharmacist is a great first port of call for advice on managing minor infections.

When to contact a doctor or pharmacist

It is worth seeking advice if:

• Symptoms last longer than expected or are not improving
• A fever lasts more than three days or keeps coming back
• You have increasing pain, spreading redness, or pus
• You have a long-term condition such as diabetes, or a weakened immune system
• You are pregnant, very young or elderly
• An infection keeps returning

A doctor can assess whether an infection is bacterial and might need treatment. Where antibiotics are appropriate, medicines such as those in our Amoxicillin guide and the wider antibiotics range are among the options a clinician may consider. Using antibiotics only when needed helps slow antibiotic resistance explained.

Specific infections that usually need assessment

Some infections should generally be checked by a professional rather than managed alone, including:

• Spreading skin infections such as cellulitis
• Dental abscesses, which need a dentist
• Eye pain with vision changes
• Suspected urinary or kidney infections
• Any infection with a high fever in someone who is very unwell

You can read more about how bacteria cause illness in bacterial infections explained.

Red flags: when to seek urgent help

Some symptoms need emergency care. Call emergency services or go to an emergency department if you or someone else has:

• A rash that does not fade when pressed with a glass
• A stiff neck and dislike of bright light
• Difficulty breathing or chest pain
• Confusion, slurred speech, or difficulty waking
• A seizure
• Cold, clammy or mottled skin, or blue lips
• Not passing urine all day

These can be signs of sepsis or meningitis, which are life-threatening and need immediate treatment. Trust your instincts: if someone seems seriously unwell, seek help straight away.

Making the most of your appointment

When you do see a healthcare professional, it helps to describe when symptoms started, how they have changed, your temperature if measured, any medicines or allergies, and any underlying conditions. This gives them the information they need to advise you well. For more general queries, our FAQ may also help.

General information only — not medical advice. Always read the patient information leaflet and consult a doctor or pharmacist before starting any medication.